Selection and breeding technology of drought-resistant Xanthoceras sorbifolia in sandy area
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图 1 Drought resistance and high-yield improved variety of Zhongshi No. 4 (left column) and the control group (right column)
图 2 Zhongshi No.9 fast-growing and high-yield improved variety (right column) and the control group (left column)
表 1 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position ■ < 100 m ■ Flat lands ■ Flat (0-5%) ■ Sunny ■ Up ■ 101-500 m ■ Hillside ■ Gentle (6-15%) □ Shady ■ Middle ■ 501-1, 000 m ■ Hilly slopes ■ Slope (16-25%) ■ Half-sunny ■ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m ■ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) ■ Half-shady ■ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m □ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land ■ Cultivated land that slopes gently 
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表 2 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm ■ High (> 3%) □ High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) □ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil ■ 20-50 cm ■ Medium (1-3%) ■ Medium ■ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil ■ Loamy soil ■ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low ■ Gravelly soil (10-30%) ■ Cinnamon soil □ Clay ■ 100-200 cm ■ Light gravel (30-50%) ■ Saline-alkali soil ■ > 200 cm ■ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 3 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status ■ Planted forest: (Xanthoceras sorbifolia plantation) ■ < 5% □ Light ■ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) ■ 5-15% □ Moderate ■ Bush: (what kind of community) □ 15-25% □ Severe □ Grassland: (what kind of community) □ 25-40% □ Artificial forest with dead treetops □ Meadow: (what kind of community) □ > 40% □ Artificial forest with dead trees □Others:
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表 5 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technological flow The main points of the technology Time (season or month) 1. Preliminary selection of superior trees Among the superior stands of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, plants with complete shape, spreading canopy, good growth, more than 5 years old, excellent seed yield and resistance to stress were selected as candidate superior individual plants.
Specific requirements: the ratio of good individual plants should not be higher than 5% of the population; the average seed yield per square metre of canopy area in two consecutive years should be above 0.2kg; the kernel rates should be above 40%; the kernel-fruit ratio should be above 55%; the oil content of seed kernels should be above 60%; great resistance and growing healthy and strong.Autumn of the 1st year and 2nd year 2. Re-selection of superior trees Continue to investigate the single crown size, kernel rate, kernel-fruit ratio, seed yield, oil content of seed kernel, pests and diseases of the selected superior trees. The trees meet or exceed the minimum selection criteria can be kept for candidates for superior trees, otherwise, eliminate them. Autumn of the 3rd year 3. The final selection of the superior trees The selection of the superior trees will continue to be measured, and those that meet or exceed the criteria for selection will be selected as finalists. Classified the superior trees according to their yield and proceed the clonal test. Autumn of the 4th year 4. Selection of good asexual lines Seedlings from clonal test of selected superior trees are tested in a randomized group trial design, with plot conditions as uniform as possible; more than 30 samples for each clone test. The test is carried out for 3 consecutive years and compared with the control group. The yield of clonal is calculated by the average yield of fruiting period of three consecutive years, and those that produce 15% more oil per unit area than the control clonal ones or more than two times of the standard deviation of the average of all tested clonal are considered to be superior clonal. Measured from the third year of the test forest 5. Regional experiment The clonal varieties can be declared superior varieties only after three or more regional experiment in different geographical climates and soil types and pass the trait evaluation with all the criteria are met. 4 consecutive years of fruiting 6. Mass promotion Superior varieties are validated and promoted on a large scale in suitable areas.
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