Resowing and fertilization technology in degraded mowing grassland
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图 1 The fifth year after fertilization and supplementary sowing treatment. The left side of the enclosure is the control area and the right side is the repairing area.
(Photographer, Bai Yongfei)
表 1
Climate zones Temperate semi-arid zone, temperate sub-humid zone Average annual precipitation/mm 320mm Average annual evaporation/mm 1543mm Average annual temperature/℃ 0℃ Maximum temperature/℃ 19.9℃ Minimum temperature/℃ -22.3℃ Average annual wind speed/ m/s 2.9m/s Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are average values over the 1980-2010 period. The climatic data were obtained from local national weather stations. 
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表 2
Province County Township Climate zones Longitude Latitude Elevation/m Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ulagai management area of Xilin Gol League Hersgoura Ranch Mid temperate semi-arid climate region 118°44′~119°50′E 45°29′~46°38′N 855~1335
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表 3 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m ■ Flat lands ■ Flat (0-5%) ■ Sunny ■ Up □ 101-500 m ■ Hillside ■ Gentle (6-15%) ■ Shady ■ Middle □ 501-1, 000 m ■ Hilly slopes ■ Slope (16-25%) ■ Half-sunny ■ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m ■ Slopes ■ Steep (26-35%) ■ Half-shady □ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m ■ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land □ Cultivated land that slopes gently
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表 4 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil ■ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □ High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) ■ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil □ 20-50 cm ■ Medium (1-3%) ■ Medium □ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil □ 50-100 cm □ Low (< 1%) □ Low □ Gravelly soil (10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □ Clay □ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel (30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil □ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 5 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status □ Planted forest: (what kind of community) □ < 5% ■ Light □ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) ■ 5-15% ■ Moderate □ Bush: (what kind of community) ■ 15-25% ■ Severe ■ Grassland: (Temperate meadow grassland and temperate grassland) □ 25-40% □ Artificial forest with dead treetops □Meadow: (what kind of community) □ > 40% □ Artificial forest with dead trees □Others:
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表 7 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technical flow The main points of the technology Season/month of implementation 1. Land preparation Tilling method: none
Tilling depth: none
Other requirements: none2. Soil amelioration Fertilization: apply fertilizer to replenish the nutrient loss caused by mowing.
Type of soil conditioner: chemical or organic fertilizer, or humic acid. Amounts: 45-60 kg of N, 30-40 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 30-45 kg of potassium oxide per hectare are applied as spring fertilizers. A certain proportion of compound fertilizers could also be applied at the same time. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were mainly applied in autumn, about 25-30 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 30-45 kg of potassium oxide per hectare.
Other requirements: noneSpring, May, before the onset of the growing season 3. Application of base fertilizer Fertilizer type: None
Amount to be applied: none
Other requirements: none4 Sowing seeds Plant species: native plant species or bred varieties adapting to local climatic and soil conditions should be selected for replanting based on the multispecies association principle, annuals and perennials, legumes and grasses, deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants, and light-loving and light-avoiding plants, to simulate the natural vegetation composition. For moderately degraded grasslands, the seeds should be a mixture of perennial legumes and grasses. For heavily degraded grasslands, mixed seeds of annuals and perennials, legumes and grasses should be used.
Seed requirements: select high quality seeds, judging the quality of plant seeds from clarity, germination rate, price of seeds used, number of other plant seeds and moisture, which should comply with GB 6141 and GB 6142.
Sowing methods: manual scattering, sowing in drips, or no-till replanting, etc. If the terrain is flat and the machinery can easily reach the plot, it is appropriate to use the no-till sowing method. If the terrain is complicated, the machinery is not easy to work on, the seeds should be sown in drips by hands and be evenly mulched.
Sowing rate: the sowing rage should be controlled at 1~3 kg/Mu depending on the degree of degradation and the suitability of the grass species in the restored area.
Sowing depth: according to the size of the seeds, seeds of the same size should be evenly mixed and sown together, while seeds with large differences should be sown separately. Generally, small seeds were sown at 1 to 2 cm depth, large seeds were sown at 3 to 5 cm depth, in rows 20 to 30 cm apart.
Fertilizer requirements: top dressing could be done during no-till replanting to improve the quality and production of the grass.
Watering status: none
Other requirements: noneSpring, May, before the onset of the growing season 5 Field management Enclosure: yes
Fertilizer status: none
Irrigation status: none
Other requirements: noneYear-round 6 Others
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表 8
Labour costs 370RMB/ha Machinery costs 190RMB/ha Cost of materials 190RMB/ha Water cost (if irrigation was required) 0 Total cost 750RMB/ha
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