Ecosystem detection and assessment with remote sensing

表 Give a few answers, and choose up to five

 Improve vegetation biomass
 Reduce, prevent, and restore degraded land
 Improve or protect the soil
 Protect or restore ecosystems
 To maintain / enhance biodiversity
 Reduce the risk of disasters (e. g. drought, droughts, floods, sandstorms, etc.)
 Adaptation to climate change and its effects (e. g., enhanced resilience to drought and warming)
 Mitigating climate change and its impacts (e. g. increased carbon sink capacity)
 Generating economic benefits (e. g. increased income)
 Generating social benefits (e. g. reducing the consumption of natural resources and reducing poverty)
√ Other uses (detailed description): Provide evaluation and guidance for ecosystem restoration

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表

Main type of degradation	Sub-type of degradation
√ [W] Soil erosion by water	[Wt] Loss of topsoil/surface erosion [Wg] Gully erosion/gullying
 [E] Soil erosion by wind
√ [C] Chemical soil deterioration	[Cn] Fertility decline and reduced soil organic matter content
 [P] Physical soil deterioration
√ [B] Biological degradation	[Bc] Reduction of vegetation cover [Bq] Quantity/biomass decline
√ [H] Water degradation	[Ha] Aridification [Hs] Change in quantity of surface water
 Else

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表

Climatic province	Most of the climate provinces in the world
Specific annual precipitation /mm	311.3
Average annual precipitation /mm		Average air temperature /℃
√ < 50		√ < -20
√ 50- 200		√ -20- 5
√ 200- 400		√ 5- 15
√ 400- 800		√ 15- 25
√ 400- 800		√ 25- 35
√ 800- 1,500		√ 35- 45
√ > 1,500		√ > 45
Note: Precipitation, evaporation, temperature and wind speed in the table are calculated according to the mean value of national weather stations from 1980 to 2010.

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表 Country, county/flag, township, and give the longitude and latitude of the application location of the project

Country	County/flag	Township	Longitude°	Latitude°	Elevation / m
China	Dalatet Banner		108.653344	40.462120	1256.0

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表 Terrain and landform conditions

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表 Edaphic condition

Soil type	Soil texture	Effective soil depth	Topsoil organic matter content	Soil hardness	Stone content
√ Aeolian soil	√ Sandy	 0-20 cm	 High (> 3%)	 High	 Low gravel content soil (1-5%)
 Chestnut Calcic soil	 Loamy sand	√ 20-50 cm	√ Medium (1-3%)	√ Medium	 Moderate gravel content soil (5-10%)
 Brown Calcic soil	 Loam	 50-100 cm	 Low (< 1%)	 Low	√ High gravel content soil (10-30%)
 Luvisol	 Clay	 100-200 cm			 Light gravel soil (30-50%)
 Saline-alkali soil		 > 200 cm			 Moderate gravel soil (50-70%)
 Else					Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)

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表 Vegetation condition

Vegetation type	Community cover	Degradation status
√ Artificial forest: (Populus tremula)	 < 5%	√ Slight degradation
 Sand vegetation: ()	 5-15%	 Moderate degradation
 Shrub land: ()	 15-25%	 Severe degradation
 Grassland: ()	√ 25-40%	 Dry shoots phenomenon in artificial forest
 Meadow: ()	 > 40%	 Mortality phenomenon in artificial forest
 Others: ()

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表 Groundwater condition

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表 Please select and fill in the relevant technical information according to the following technical classifications for specific technologies.

Technical link	Key technical points	Implementation season / month
1. Baseline Data Collection	Establishing a comprehensive baseline before initiating restoration activities is essential for measuring change. This includes data on vegetation cover, soil conditions, water availability, and socio-economic factors.
2. Indicator Development	Identifying clear, measurable indicators that reflect the goals of the restoration project. These might include indicators for land cover change, species diversity, soil organic carbon levels, and economic benefits to local communities.
3. Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies	Utilizing satellite imagery and geographic information system (GIS) tools for large-scale monitoring of vegetation cover changes, land use patterns, and other environmental indicators.
4. Community Engagement	Involving local communities in the M & E process through participatory monitoring. This approach leverages local knowledge and ensures that restoration efforts align with community needs and priorities.
5. Regular Reporting and Review	Establishing a schedule for regular data collection, analysis, and reporting. This facilitates ongoing review of project progress and supports timely adjustments to management practices.
Schedule or attachment (with relevant technical parameters, add schedule or attachment information here)

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表

Labour cost	500 USD / ha
Cost of material	50 USD / ha (remote sensing datasets, etc)
Water cost (if irrigation is required)
Total cost	550 USD /ha/year

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