Fast fixation technology of shifting sand dunes
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图 1 A shifting sand dunes area before (a, 2016) and after (b, 2017; c, 2018) the treatment in Ashkhansumudu highway, Ongniud Banner, Chifeng City, 42°58'23" N, 119°36'36" E.
表 1
Climate zones Temperate semi-arid zone Average annual precipitation/mm 300-500mm Average annual evaporation/mm 2000-2300mm Average annual temperature/℃ 5-7℃ Maximum temperature/℃ 35℃ Minimum temperature/℃ -30℃ Average annual wind speed/ m/s 3-5 m/s Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are average values over the 1980-2010 period. The climatic data were obtained from local national weather stations. 
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表 2
Province County Township Climate zones Longitude Latitude Elevation/m Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ongniud Banner Ashhansumu Temperate semi-arid zone 119°39ˊE 43°20ˊN 400-500
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表 3 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m □ Flat lands ■ Flat (0-5%) ■ Sunny ■ Up ■ 101-500 m □ Hillside ■ Gentle (6-15%) ■ Shady ■ Middle ■ 501-1, 000 m □ Hilly slopes ■ Slope (16-25%) □ Half-sunny ■ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m □ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) □ Half-shady ■ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m ■ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land □ Cultivated land that slopes gently
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表 4 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □ High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) □ Calcium chestnut soil □ Sandy loamy soil ■ 20-50 cm ■ Medium (1-3%) □ Medium □ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil □ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low □ Gravelly soil (10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □ Clay □ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel (30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil □ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 5 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status □ Planted forest: (what kind of community) ■ < 5% □ Light ■ Sandy vegetation: (Annual Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Artemisia are the main plants) □ 5-15% □ Moderate ■ Bush: (Caragana microphylla, Artemisia chabaga, Polygonum cuspidatum and other sparse shrubs) □ 15-25% ■ Severe □ Grassland: (what kind of community) □ 25-40% □ Artificial forest with dead treetops □ Meadow: (what kind of community) □ > 40% □ Artificial forest with dead trees □ Others:
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表 7 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technological flow The main points of the technology Season/month of implementation 1. Setting up sand barriers Sand barrier material: wheat straw or straw
Type of sand barrier: checkerboard
Laying specification: 1m × 1m × 0.3m
Sand barrier orientation: perpendicular to the slope along the contourSpring (March-April) 2. Seeding Plant species: Artemisia
Seed requirements: > 85% emergence rate.
Sowing method: manual sowing
Sowing volume: 1.5-2Kg/Mu
Mixing ratio: none
Sowing depth: 3-5mm
Fertilizer requirement: none
Watering condition: noneSpring and summer (May - July) 3. Planting of seedlings Seedling type: live seedlings
Seedling specification: 1 year old seedlings above grade 2, 30-50cm tall
Species configuration: Psammochloa villosa
Plant spacing/density configuration: 1m × 2m
Planting pit size: 20cm × 20cm × 30cm
Fertilizer application: none
Watering: noneSpring (April-May) 4. Nurture management Enclosure: yes
Fertilization: no
Irrigation: noYear-round (January-December) 5. Others Note: 2 sowing and 3 seedling planting, fill in only one item as appropriate
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