1.   Introduction

Straw checkerboard-shaped sand barriers sitting on the top soil of the shifting sand dunes were used to stop sand shifting. Wheat straw or straw could be used to make sand barriers. The fast-growing species in Horqin sandy land, Psammochloa villos, together with perennial semi-shrub, Artemisia sphaerocephala, were sowed between barriers. The vegetation coverage would raise 40% in two to three years. This technology is suitable for the constructions such as sand-crossing roads, railways, power transmission lines and other projects that need to fix shifting sand dunes quickly in semi-arid sand areas.

2.   Applicable conditions

2.1   The main use(s) of the technology

□ increase production (crop, fodder, wood/ fibre, water, energy)

√ reduce, prevent, restore land degradation (soil, water, vegetation)

√ conserve ecosystem

√ preserve/ improve biodiversity

√ reduce risk of disasters (e.g. droughts, floods, landslides)

□ adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts (e.g. resilience to droughts, storms)

□ mitigate climate change and its impacts (e.g. through carbon sequestration)

□ create economic benefits (e.g. increase income/ employment opportunities)

□ create social benefits (e.g. reduce conflicts on natural resources, support marginalized groups)

□ other purposes (specify): ……………………………………………………………………………………………

2.2   Types of degraded land to which the technology is applicable

□ Semi-fixed sandy land

√ Shifting sandy land

□ Desertified grassland

□ Saline-alkali grassland

√ Active wind-erosion pit

□ Degraded forestland

□ Desertified cultivated land

□ Other types: degraded grass field

2.3   The climatic conditions for which the technology is applicable

1   

Climate zones	Temperate semi-arid zone
Average annual precipitation/mm	300-500mm	Average annual evaporation/mm	2000-2300mm
Average annual temperature/℃	5-7℃	Maximum temperature/℃	35℃
Minimum temperature/℃	-30℃	Average annual wind speed/ m/s	3-5 m/s
Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are average values over the 1980-2010 period. The climatic data were obtained from local national weather stations.

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

2.4   The origin of the technology

2   

Province	County	Township	Climate zones	Longitude	Latitude	Elevation/m
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region	Ongniud Banner	Ashhansumu	Temperate semi-arid zone	119°39ˊE	43°20ˊN	400-500

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

3.   Site conditions suitable for the technology

3  Topographical conditions

Elevation	Topography	Slope gradient	Slope direction	Slope position
□ < 100 m	□ Flat lands	■ Flat (0-5%)	■ Sunny	■ Up
■ 101-500 m	□ Hillside	■ Gentle (6-15%)	■ Shady	■ Middle
■ 501-1, 000 m	□ Hilly slopes	■ Slope (16-25%)	□ Half-sunny	■ Down
■ 1, 001-1, 500 m	□ Slopes	□ Steep (26-35%)	□ Half-shady
■ 1, 501-2, 000 m	□ Valley floor
□ 2, 001-2, 500 m	■ Sand dunes
□ 2501-3, 000 m	■ Flat sandy land
	□ Cultivated land that slopes gently

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

4  Soil condition

Soil types	Soil texture	Effective soil layer thickness	Organic matter content of surface soils	Soil hardness	Soil gravel content
■ Aeolian sandy soil	■ Sandy soil	□ 0-20 cm	□ High (> 3%)	□ High	■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%)
□ Calcium chestnut soil	□ Sandy loamy soil	■ 20-50 cm	■ Medium (1-3%)	□ Medium	□ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%)
□ Brown calcium soil	□ Loamy soil	□ 50-100 cm	■ Low (< 1%)	■ Low	□ Gravelly soil (10-30%)
□ Cinnamon soil	□ Clay	□ 100-200 cm			□ Light gravel (30-50%)
□ Saline-alkali soil		□ > 200 cm			□ Medium gravel (50-70%)
□ Others:					□ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

5  Vegetation status

Vegetation types	Community coverage	Vegetation degradation status
□ Planted forest: (what kind of community)	■ < 5%	□ Light
■ Sandy vegetation: (Annual Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Artemisia are the main plants)	□ 5-15%	□ Moderate
■ Bush: (Caragana microphylla, Artemisia chabaga, Polygonum cuspidatum and other sparse shrubs)	□ 15-25%	■ Severe
□ Grassland: (what kind of community)	□ 25-40%	□ Artificial forest with dead treetops
□ Meadow: (what kind of community)	□ > 40%	□ Artificial forest with dead trees
□ Others:

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

6  Groundwater status

Average buried depth
□ < 1 m
□ 1-3 m
■ 3-5 m
■ 5-10 m
□ > 10 m

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

4.   Technical contents

7  For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.

Technological flow	The main points of the technology	Season/month of implementation
1. Setting up sand barriers	Sand barrier material: wheat straw or straw Type of sand barrier: checkerboard Laying specification: 1m × 1m × 0.3m Sand barrier orientation: perpendicular to the slope along the contour	Spring (March-April)
2. Seeding	Plant species: Artemisia Seed requirements: > 85% emergence rate. Sowing method: manual sowing Sowing volume: 1.5-2Kg/Mu Mixing ratio: none Sowing depth: 3-5mm Fertilizer requirement: none Watering condition: none	Spring and summer (May - July)
3. Planting of seedlings	Seedling type: live seedlings Seedling specification: 1 year old seedlings above grade 2, 30-50cm tall Species configuration: Psammochloa villosa Plant spacing/density configuration: 1m × 2m Planting pit size: 20cm × 20cm × 30cm Fertilizer application: none Watering: none	Spring (April-May)
4. Nurture management	Enclosure: yes Fertilization: no Irrigation: no	Year-round (January-December)
5. Others
Note: 2 sowing and 3 seedling planting, fill in only one item as appropriate

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

5.   Technological costs

8   

Labour cost	4500 RMB/ha
Material cost	4500 RMB/ha
Total cost	9000 RMB/ha

下载: 导出CSV 

| 显示表格

6.   Demonstrations

Comparison before and after technology implementation.

1  A shifting sand dunes area before (a, 2016) and after (b, 2017; c, 2018) the treatment in Ashkhansumudu highway, Ongniud Banner, Chifeng City, 42°58'23" N, 119°36'36" E.

下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片