Afforestation technology of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica container seedlings in rainy season
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图 1 Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv. plantation in sandy land
(Nanshaliang Forest Farm, Duolun, 2019)
图 2 Mongolian Scotch Pine Plantation in sandy land
(Nanshaliang Forest Farm, Duolun, 2019)
图 3 Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv. plantation in sandy land
(Nanshaliang Forest Farm, Duolun, 2018)
表 1 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m ■ Flat lands ■ Flat (0-5%) □ Sunny □ Up □ 101-500 m □ Hillside ■ Gentle (6-15%) □ Shady □ Middle ■ 501-1, 000 m □ Hilly slopes □ Slope (16-25%) □ Half-sunny □ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m □ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) □ Half-shady ■ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m ■ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land □ Cultivated land that slopes gently 
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表 2 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □ High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) □ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil ■ 20-50 cm □ Medium (1-3%) □ Medium □ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil □ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low □ Gravelly soil (10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □ Clay □ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel (30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil □ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil(> 70%)
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表 3 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status □ Planted forest: (Yangchai, Huangliu) ■ < 5% □ Light □ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) ■ 5-15% ■ Moderate □ Bush: (what kind of community) ■ 15-25% ■ Severe □Grassland: (what kind of community) ■ 25-40% ■ Artificial forest with dead treetops □Meadow: (what kind of community) □ > 40% ■ Artificial forest with dead trees □Others:
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表 5 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.
Technological flow The main points of the technology Time (season or month) 1. Specific technical measures for artificial afforestation and engineered sand fixation. In mobile sandy areas it is necessary to set up sand barriers followed by afforestation. Spring, rainy season 2. Land preparation : trenching plough mechanical land preparation. trenching plough mechanical land preparation in the predetermined row spacing, its specification is trenching plough with upper mouth width 80cm, furrow depth 40~50cm, and bottom width 25-30cm. Afforestation with land preparation. Forestation of mobile sandy areas without land preparation. Rainy season 3. Density, configuration, planting pit specifics: Afforestation density: 2m × 4m, or 3m × 4m. Afforestation configuration: stripes with a width of 6-10m. Planting pit specifications: 30m × 30cm × 40cm. Sand barriers are necessary for afforestation in mobile sandy areas. Rainy season 4. Seedling requirements: container seedlings of 50-80cm height with complete crowns. Healthy seedlings with full top buds. Rainy season 5. Planting: ditch preparation with trenching plough and dig planting pits, with digging pits as planting. Plant while digging pits. Water the nutrient cups 3-4 d before planting, transport them to the planting site, then remove the container bags and carefully place the seedlings in the planting pit, keeping the soil pile intact. Straighten the seedlings, backfill with wet soil to the root neck and tread firmly. Rainy season 6. Nurture management: grazing ban, nurturing, grass pruning in forests After forestry, young growth should be fully prohibited, fencing or guarded. Unqualified plantations should be replanted at any time until they are qualified. It is advisable to use healthy seedlings of the same age as the original planting for replanting. No grazing for 3-5 years 7. Others
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表 6
Labor cost: 3, 000~4, 500 RMB / ha Material cost: 6, 000~9, 000 RMB / ha Water cost (if irrigation was required): Rain fed Total cost: 9, 000~13, 500 RMB / ha
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