1.   Introduction

The biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) material is degradable in natural environment. PLA bags filled with sand could form a basic sand barrier. The PLA sand-bag barrier on the surface of the sand dune with the stripe or grid designation can not only lower the wind speed and sediments discharge, but also enhance the anti-erosion ability of the barrier and keep the stability of wind- erosion concavity among barriers for a long time (8-10 years for barriers in site). Moreover, it eliminates the risks of chemical residues and secondary pollution caused by petroleum-based sand barrier materials.

2.   Applicable conditions

2.1   The main use(s) of the technology

√ increase production(crop, fodder, wood/ fibre, water, energy)

√ reduce, prevent, restore land degradation (soil, water, vegetation)

□ conserve ecosystem

√ preserve / improve biodiversity

√ reduce risk of disasters (e.g. droughts, floods, landslides)

□ adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts (e.g. resilience to droughts, storms)

□ mitigate climate change and its impacts (e.g. through carbon sequestration)

□ create economic benefits (e.g. increase income/ employment opportunities)

□ create social benefits (e.g. reduce conflicts on natural resources, support marginalized groups)

□ other purposes (specify): ……………………………………………………………………………………………

2.2   Types of degraded land to which the technology is applicable

□ Semi-fixed sandy land

√ Shifting sandy land

□ Desertified grassland

□ Saline-alkali grassland

√ Active wind-erosion pit

□ Degraded forestland

□ Desertified cultivated land

□ Other types

2.3   The climatic conditions to which the technology is applicable

Climate zone: temperate semi-arid zone

Annual precipitation: 250-400 mm.

Annual evaporation: 1700-2000 mm.

Annual average temperature: 1.5~6.0 ℃.

Maximum temperature: 40 ℃.

Minimum temperature: - 35 ℃

Annual average wind speed: 2.5~3.5 m / s

2.4   The origin of the technology

Nanshaliang Forest Farm in Duolun County is located at N42 ° 08 ', E116 ° 29'

3.   Site conditions suitable for the technology

1  Topographical conditions

Elevation	Topography	Slope gradient	Slope direction	Slope position
□ < 100 m	□ Flat lands	■ Flat (0-5%)	□ Sunny	□ Up
□ 101-500 m	□ Hillside	■ Gentle (6-15%)	□ Shady	□ Middle
■ 501-1, 000 m	□ Hilly slopes	□ Slope (16-25%)	□ Half-sunny	□ Down
■ 1, 001-1, 500 m	□ Slopes	□ Steep (26-35%)	□ Half-shady
■ 1, 501-2, 000 m	□ Valley floor
□ 2, 001-2, 500 m	■ Sand dunes
□ 2501-3, 000 m	■ Flat sandy land
	□ Cultivated land that slopes gently

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2  Soil condition

Soil types	Soil texture	Effective soil layer thickness	Organic matter content of surface soils	Soil hardness	Soil gravel content
■ Aeolian sandy soil	■ Sandy soil	□ 0-20 cm	□ High (> 3%)	□ High	■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%)
□ Calcium chestnut soil	□ Sandy loamy soil	■ 20-50 cm	□ Medium (1-3%)	□ Medium	□ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%)
□ Brown calcium soil	□ Loamy soil	□ 50-100 cm	■ Low (< 1%)	■ Low	□ Gravelly soil (10-30%)
□ Cinnamon soil	□ Clay	□ 100-200 cm			□ Light gravel (30-50%)
□ Saline-alkali soil		□ > 200 cm			□ Medium gravel (50-70%)
□ Others:					□ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)

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3  Vegetation status

Vegetation type	Community coverage	Vegetation degradation status
□ Planted forest: (what kind of community)	■ < 5%	□ Light
■ Sandy vegetation: (Agriophyllum squarrosum (Linn.) Moq and Corispermum hyssopifolium L.)	■ 5-15%	□ Moderate
□ Bush: (what kind of community)	□ 15-25%	■ Severe
□Grassland: (what kind of community)	□ 25-40%	□ Artificial forest with dead treetops
□Meadow: (what kind of community)	□ > 40%	□ Artificial forest with dead trees
□Others:

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4  Groundwater status

Average buried depth
□ < 1 m
■ 1-3 m
■ 3-5 m
□ 5-10 m
□ > 10 m

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4.   Technical contents

5  For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.

Technological flow	The main points of the technology	Time (season or month)
1. Specific technical measures: sand fixation, artificial tree planting, seeding afforestation.	Sand fixation: PLA material. Tree planting: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Salix gordejevii Y. L. Chang et Skv., Ulmus pumila L., etc. Seeding afforestation: Artemisia desertorum Spreng. Syst. Veg., Corethrodendron fruticosum var. mongolicum (Turczaninow) Turczaninow ex Kitagawa, Agriophyllum squarrosum (Linn.) Moq.	Spring, rainy season
2. Land preparation: hole-shaped land preparation.	Planting while digging.	Rainy season
3. Density, configuration, planting pit specifications: Afforestation density: trees 2m × 4m, shrubs 1m × 4m. Afforestation configuration: stripes with widths of 6-10m. Planting pit specifications: tree container seedlings, 30m × 30cm × 40cm, bare root seedlings 50m × 60cm × 60cm.	Artificial afforestation and revegetation under the protection of sand barriers. Sand barrier specifications: strip sand barrier with a width of 2-4m, grid sand barrier 2m × 2m. Direct planting afforestation: 4:2:4 ratio of Artemisia, Corethrodendron fruticosum var. mongolicum (Turczaninow) Turczaninow ex Kitagawa and Agriophyllum squarrosum (Linn.) Moq., 0.5kg seed per mu.	Spring, rainy season
4. Seedling requirements: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. container seedlings 30-50cm, tree bare root seedlings 2-3cm in ground diameter.	Grade II or higher-grade seedlings, free from disease and insect damage, with full top buds of conifers. Seedlings are treated with moisture throughout.
5. Planting: Planting while digging.	Remove plastic containers from container seedlings for planting and trample them down.	Spring, rainy season.
6. Nurturing management: grazing ban, replanting	Fencing of the project area.	3 year grazing ban.
7. Others

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5.   Technological cost

6   

Labor cost: 3, 000~4, 500 RMB / ha
Material cost: 7, 500~13, 500 RMB / ha
Water cost (if irrigation was required): rainwater irrigation
Total cost: 10, 500~19, 500 RMB / ha

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6.   Demonstrations

Stand landscapes comparison before and after technology implementation.

1  Before governance

(2013, Nanshaliang forest farm)

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2  After treatment

(2016, Nanshaliang forest farm)

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3  After treatment

(2019, Nanshaliang forest farm)

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