1.   Introduction

The PE anti-aging gauze used for the sand barrier is a environmental-friendly material with a service life of 8-10 years. When laying in the field, the construction is simple and fast. During field laying, the belt or grid design shall be adopted according to the fluctuation of sandy land, and the projects of sand barrier laying and afforestation shall be done according to the technical requirements of biological sand fixation. This will furthermore control the base level of quicksand erosion, stabilize the quicksand, realize the "one-two punch" technical measures - the combinations of sand barrier technology + plant sand fixation technology, seedling afforestation + shrub direct seeding, and artificial vegetation + natural vegetation restoration.

2.   Applicable conditions

2.1   The main use(s) of the technology

√ increase production(crop, fodder, wood/ fibre, water, energy)

√ reduce, prevent, restore land degradation (soil, water, vegetation)

□ conserve ecosystem

√ preserve/ improve biodiversity

√ reduce risk of disasters (e.g. droughts, floods, landslides)

□ adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts (e.g. resilience to droughts, storms)

□ mitigate climate change and its impacts (e.g. through carbon sequestration)

□ create economic benefits (e.g. increase income/ employment opportunities)

□ create social benefits (e.g. reduce conflicts on natural resources, support marginalized groups)

□ other purposes (specify): ……………………………………………………………………………………………

2.2   Types of degraded land to which the technology is applicable

√ Semi-fixed sandy land

√ Shifting sandy land

□ Desertified grassland

□ Saline-alkali grassland

√ Active wind-erosion pit

□ Degraded forestland

□ Desertified cultivated land

□ Other types

2.3   The climatic conditions to which the technology is applicable

Climate zone: temperate semi-arid zone

Annual precipitation: 250-400 mm.

Annual evaporation: 1700-2000 mm.

Annual average temperature: 1.5~6.0 ℃.

Maximum temperature: 40 ℃.

Minimum temperature: - 35 ℃

Annual average wind speed: 2.5~3.5 m / s

2.4   The origin of the technology

Zhenglan Banner Saiyin huduga, Sumu Baiyin chagangacha, geographical location N43 ° 02 ', E116 ° 14'. Songshushan Forest Farm in Wengniute Banner is located at N43 ° 01 ', E119 ° 27'.

3.   Site conditions suitable for the technology

1  Topographical conditions

Elevation	Topography	Slope gradient	Slope direction	Slope position
□ < 100 m	□ Flat lands	■ Flat (0-5%)	□ Sunny	□ Up
□ 101-500 m	□ Hillside	■ Gentle (6-15%)	□ Shady	□ Middle
■ 501-1, 000 m	□ Hilly slopes	■ Slope (16-25%)	□ Half-sunny	□ Down
■ 1, 001-1, 500 m	□ Slopes	□ Steep (26-35%)	□ Half-shady
■ 1, 501-2, 000 m	□ Valley floor
□ 2, 001-2, 500 m	■ Sand dunes
□ 2501-3, 000 m	■ Flat sandy land
	□ Cultivated land that slopes gently

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2  Soil condition

Soil types	Soil texture	Effective soil layer thickness	Organic matter content of surface soils	Soil hardness	Soil gravel content
■ Aeolian sandy soil	■ Sandy soil	□ 0-20 cm	□ High (> 3%)	□ High	■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%)
□ Calcium chestnut soil	□ Sandy loamy soil	■ 20-50 cm	□ Medium (1-3%)	□ Medium	□ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%)
□ Brown calcium soil	□ Loamy soil	□ 50-100 cm	■ Low (< 1%)	■ Low	□ Gravelly soil (10-30%)
□ Cinnamon soil	□ Clay	□ 100-200 cm			□ Light gravel (30-50%)
□ Saline-alkali soil		□ > 200 cm			□ Medium gravel (50-70%)
□ Others:					□ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)

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3  Vegetation status

Vegetation types	Community coverage	Vegetation degradation status
□ Planted forest: (what kind of community)	■ < 5%	□ Light
■ Sandy vegetation: (Agriophyllum squarrosum (Linn.) Moq. and Corispermum hyssopifolium L.)	■ 5-15%	□ Moderate
□ Bush: (what kind of community)	□ 15-25%	■ Severe
□Grassland: (what kind of community)	□ 25-40%	□ Artificial forest with dead treetops
□Meadow: (what kind of community)	□ > 40%	□ Artificial forest with dead trees
□Others:

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4  Groundwater status

Average buried depth
□ < 1 m
■ 1-3 m
■ 3-5 m
□ 5-10 m
□ > 10 m

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4.   Technical contents

5  For technological specifics, please fill in the relevant information by selecting the technology category below.

Technological flow	The main points of the technology	Time (season or month)
1. Specific technical measures: sand fixation, artificial tree planting, seeding afforestation.	Sand fixation engineering: material PE gauze mesh strips. The sand barrier is oriented vertically to windward and set along the contour. Tree planting: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Salix gordejevii Y. L. Chang et Skv., Ulmus pumila L., etc. direct seeding afforestation: Artemisia desertorum Spreng. Syst. Veg., Corethrodendron fruticosum var. mongolicum (Turczaninow) Turczaninow ex Kitagawa, Agriophyllum squarrosum (Linn.) Moq.	Spring, rainy season
2. Land preparation: hole-shaped land preparation.	Planting while digging.	Rainy season
3. Density, configuration and planting pit specifications: Afforestation density: trees 3m × 4m, shrubs 1m × 4m. Afforestation configuration: 40-80cm near the leeward side of the sand barrier as a afforestation location. Planting pit specifications: 30m × 30cm × 40cm for tree container seedlings, 50m × 60cm × 60cm for bare root seedlings and 40m × 40cm × 60cm for shrubs.	Artificial afforestation and revegetation under the protection of sand barriers. Sand barrier specifications: grid sand barrier 2m × 2m, 4m × 4m. PE mesh pore size 20-22 mesh, mesh width 60cm, 6m2 woven per pound of silk. Direct planting afforestation: 4:2:4 ratio of Artemisia, Corethrodendron fruticosum var. mongolicum (Turczaninow) Turczaninow ex Kitagawa and Agriophyllum squarrosum (Linn.) Moq.	Spring, rainy season
4. Seedling requirements: height of container seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. 50-70cm; length of Salix gordejevii Y. L. Chang et Skv. Cuttings, 50-65cm, and thickness of 1.0-1.5cm; bare root seedlings 2-3cm in diameter.	Grade II or higher grade seedlings, free from disease and insect damage, with full top buds of conifers. Seedlings should be kept moist. .
5. Planting: Planting while digging.	Remove plastic containers from container seedlings and trample them down. Salix gordejevii Y. L. Chang et Skv. cuttings are planted deeply, trampled. Soak the cuttings in water for 24-48h.	Spring, rainy season.
6. Nurturing management: grazing ban, replanting	Fencing of the project area.	3-year grazing ban.
7. Other

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5.   Technological cost

6   

Labor cost: 3, 000~4, 500 RMB / ha
Material cost: 4, 500~6, 000 RMB / ha
Water cost (if irrigation was required): Rain fed
Total cost: 7, 500~10, 500 RMB / ha

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6.   Demonstrations

Stand landscapes comparison before and after technology implementation.

1  Before governance

(2019, Zhenglanqi)

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2  picture of the year after governance

(2019, Zhenglanqi)

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3  Picture of the year just after governance

(2019, Zhenglanqi)

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4  Before treatment

(2018, songshushan forest farm, Ongniud Banner)

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5  Two years after governance

(2019, songshushan forest farm, Ongniud Banner)

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6  Two years after governance

(2019, Songshushan forest farm, Ongniud Banner)

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