Complex management technology of lightly and moderately degraded Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in the Horqin sandy area
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图 1 A lightly degraded Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. stand before the complex management (2014)
(Sanjiazi Experimental Area, Zhanggutai Town, Changwu County, Liaoning Province, 122°33′22″, 42°41′17″)
图 2 A stand landscape of lightly degraded Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. after the complex management (2016, Glycine max.)
(Sanjiazi Experimental Area, Zhanggutai Town, Changwu County, Liaoning Province, 122°33′22″, 42°41′17″)
表 1
Climate zones Temperate semi-arid zone, temperate sub-humid zone Average annual precipitation/mm 350-650mm Average annual evaporation/mm 1000-1800mm Average annual temperature/℃ 5 to 9℃ Maximum temperature/℃ 40℃ Minimum temperature/℃ -40℃ Average annual wind speed/m/s 2~4 m/s Note: Precipitation, evaporation, air temperature and wind speed in the table are average values over the 1980-2010 period. The climatic data were obtained from local national weather stations. 
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表 2 Basic information of the demonstration area
Province County Township Climate zones Longitude Latitude Elevation/m Liaoning Province Zhanwu County Zhanggutai Town Temperate sub-humid zone 122°33'22″E 42°41'17"N 203
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表 3 Topographical conditions
Elevation Topography Slope gradient Slope direction Slope position □ < 100 m □ Flat lands □ Flat (0-5%) □ Sunny □ Up ■ 101-500 m □ Hillside □ Gentle (6-15%) □ Shady □ Middle ■ 501-1, 000 m □ Hilly slopes □ Slope (16-25%) □ Half-sunny □ Down ■ 1, 001-1, 500 m □ Slopes □ Steep (26-35%) □ Half-shady □ 1, 501-2, 000 m □ Valley floor □ 2, 001-2, 500 m ■ Sand dunes □ 2501-3, 000 m ■ Flat sandy land □ Cultivated land that slopes gently
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表 4 Soil condition
Soil types Soil texture Effective soil layer thickness Organic matter content of surface soils Soil hardness Soil gravel content ■ Aeolian sandy soil ■ Sandy soil □ 0-20 cm □ High (> 3%) □High ■ Light gravelly soil (1-5%) □ Calcium chestnut soil ■ Sandy loamy soil ■ 20-50 cm □ Medium (1-3%) □ Medium □ Medium gravelly soil (5-10%) □ Brown calcium soil □ Loamy soil ■ 50-100 cm ■ Low (< 1%) ■ Low □ Gravelly soil (10-30%) □ Cinnamon soil □Clay ■ 100-200 cm □ Light gravel (30-50%) □ Saline-alkali soil ■ > 200 cm □ Medium gravel (50-70%) □ Others: □ Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)
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表 5 Vegetation status
Vegetation types Community coverage Vegetation degradation status ■ Planted forest: (Pinus sylvestris Plantation) □ < 5% ■ Light □ Sandy vegetation: (what kind of community) □ 5-15% ■ Moderate □ Bush: (what kind of community) □ 15-25% □ Severe □ Grassland: (what kind of community) □ 25-40% ■ Artificial forest with dead treetops □ Meadow: (what kind of community) ■ > 40% □ Artificial forest with dead trees □ Others:
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表 7 For specific technologies, please fill in the relevant technical information by selecting the technology category below.
Technological flow The main points of the technology Season / month of implementation 1. Selective felling Proportion of thinning: 20% to 60%.
Methods of operation: manual and mechanical.
Interfelling method: Strip interfelling in rows with a width of about 9m.
Other requirements: remove dying wood and dead wood from the reserved rows.Winter 2. Pruning Pruning of retained trees.
Pruning intensity: crown height ratio 1:3 to 1:4.
Pruning cycle: 5 to 10 years.Winter 3. Land preparation Preparation method: full preparation of the ground.
Preparation requirement: 20-30cm depth.Spring 4. Complex management Crops: peanuts, black beans, etc.
Configuration: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. + crop compound.
Planting methods: crops are planted according to conventional methods.
Fertilization: depending on the needs of the crops, organic fertilizer is the mainstay.
Watering: frequency and timing of irrigation depending on drought conditions.Spring, growing season 5. Nurturing management Enclosures. Year-round Schedules or annexes (if there are relevant technical parameters indicators, you can add the schedule or annex information here)
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表 8
Labour costs 1, 000 RMB/ha Machinery costs 1, 000 RMB/ha Cost of materials 3, 000 RMB/ha Water cost (if irrigation was required) 1, 000 RMB/ha Total cost 6, 000 RMB/ha
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