1.   Technical profile

Juncao technology, developed in China, offers a promising solution for combating desertification and improving livelihoods in arid regions. The term "Juncao" combines two Chinese words: "Jun" (mushroom) and "Cao" (grass), referring to a technology that uses specific grass species to cultivate mushrooms. Beyond mushroom cultivation, the technology has broader applications in soil erosion control, animal fodder production, and renewable energy sources through biomass.

2.   Technical applicable conditions

2.1   Main use

  Give a few answers, and choose up to five

 Improve vegetation biomass
√ Reduce, prevent, and restore degraded land
√ Improve or protect the soil
√ Protect or restore ecosystems
√ To maintain / enhance biodiversity
 Reduce the risk of disasters (e. g. drought, droughts, floods, sandstorms, etc.)
 Adaptation to climate change and its effects (e. g., enhanced resilience to drought and warming)
 Mitigating climate change and its impacts (e. g. increased carbon sink capacity)
√ Generating economic benefits (e. g. increased income)
 Generating social benefits (e. g. reducing the consumption of natural resources and reducing poverty)
 Other uses (detailed description): …………………………………………………………………

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2.2   Type of degraded land applicable to the technology

   

Main type of degradation	Sub-type of degradation
√ [W] Soil erosion by water	[Wt] Loss of topsoil/surface erosion [Wg] Gully erosion/gullying
√ [E] Soil erosion by wind	[Et] Loss of topsoil
√ [C] Chemical soil deterioration	[Cn] Fertility decline and reduced soil organic matter content
√ [P] Physical soil deterioration	[Pc] Compaction [Pk] Slaking and crusting
√ [B] Biological degradation	[Bc] Reduction of vegetation cover [Bq] Quantity/biomass decline
√ [H] Water degradation	[Ha] Aridification [Hs] Change in quantity of surface water
 Else

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2.3   Climate conditions applicable to the technology

   

Climatic province	Temperate continental semiarid climate
Specific annual precipitation /mm	155
Average annual precipitation /mm		Average air temperature /℃
 < 50		 < -20
√ 50- 200		 -20- 5
√ 200- 400		√ 5- 15
 400- 800		√ 15- 25
 800- 1,500		√ 25- 35
 > 1,500		 35- 45
		 > 45

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2.4   Technical mode of origin

  Country, county/flag, township, and give the longitude and latitude of the application location of the project

Country	County/flag	Township	Longitude°	Latitude°	Elevation / m
China	Alxa Left Banner		106.820000	39.670000	1099.0

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3.   Site conditions where the technology applies

  Terrain and landform conditions

Elevation	Landform	Mean inclination	Aspect	Slope
 < 100 m	 Flatland	√ Flat slope (0-5%)	 Sunny slope	 Upper slope
 100-500 m	 Slope	 Gentle slope (6-15%)	 Shady slope	 Mid slope
√ 500-1,000 m	 Hilly slope	 Moderate slope (16-25%)	 Semi-sunny slope	 Lower slope
√ 1,000-1,500 m	 Sloping ground	 Steep slope (26-35%)	 Semi-shady slope
 1,500-2,000 m	 Valley floor
 2,000-2,500 m	√ Sand dune
 2500-3,000 m	 Sandy flat
 > 3000 m	 Gentle cultivated land

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  Edaphic condition

Soil type	Soil texture	Effective soil depth	Topsoil organic matter content	Soil hardness	Stone content
√ Aeolian soil	√ Sandy	√ 0-20 cm	 High (> 3%)	 High	√ Low gravel content soil (1-5%)
 Chestnut Calcic soil	 Loamy sand	 20-50 cm	 Medium (1-3%)	 Medium	 Moderate gravel content soil (5-10%)
 Brown Calcic soil	 Loam	 50-100 cm	√ Low (< 1%)	√ Low	 High gravel content soil (10-30%)
 Luvisol	 Clay	 100-200 cm			 Light gravel soil (30-50%)
 Saline-alkali soil		 > 200 cm			 Moderate gravel soil (50-70%)
 Else:					Heavy gravel soil (> 70%)

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  Vegetation condition

Vegetation type	Community cover	Degradation status
 Artificial forest: ()	√ < 5%	 Slight degradation
 Sand vegetation: ()	 5-15%	 Moderate degradation
 Shrub land: ()	 15-25%	√ Severe degradation
√ Grassland: (e.g. Pennisetum giganteum)	 25-40%	 Dry shoots phenomenon in artificial forest
 Meadow: ()	 > 40%	 Mortality phenomenon in artificial forest
√ Others: (cultivated land)

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  Groundwater condition

Average buried depth
 < 1 m	 3-5 m	√ > 10 m
 1-3 m	 5-10 m

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4.   Technical content

  Please select and fill in the relevant technical information according to the following technical classifications for specific technologies.

Technical link	Key technical points	Implementation season / month
1. Selection of Suitable Grass Specie	It is critical to identify grass species that will thrive in drought conditions. These species need to be drought-resistant, fast-growing, and capable of surviving with minimal water.
2. Cultivation and Management	The selected grasses are cultivated in nurseries before being transplanted to designated areas. Proper management practices, including regular watering (optimally through efficient methods like drip irrigation) and soil fertility management, are essential for their growth.
3. Mushroom Cultivation	Once the grasses are established, they can be harvested and used as a substrate for mushroom cultivation. This provides a sustainable source of food and income, as mushrooms can be sold in local markets.
4. Soil Erosion Control	Juncao grasses have dense root systems that help bind the soil, reducing erosion caused by wind and water.
5. Animal Fodder	The grasses can also serve as fodder for livestock, providing an additional resource for local communities and helping to reduce pressure on natural vegetation.
Schedule or attachment (with relevant technical parameters, add schedule or attachment information here)

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5.   Technical costs

   

Labour cost	700 USD / ha
Cost of material	400 USD / ha
Water cost (if irrigation is required)	100 USD / ha
Total cost	1200 USD / ha

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6.   Technical effectiveness images

Comparison before and after technical implementation

From the treatment effect, forest growth, stand health, ecological benefits of the comparison, 2-4 photos, please indicate the author of the picture, place, time or before and after the treatment.

Photos after technical implementation

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(Photo taken on Oct 11, 2019, Luo Zongzhi, Alxa East County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)